In the context of the primordial universe, some theories that include the presence of light primordial black holes are likely incorrect, as they should have already triggered a catastrophic event mediated by the Higgs boson, leading to the end of the universe as we know it.
This is the main conclusion of a recent research published in Physical Letters B. The Higgs boson is fundamental in conferring mass to elementary particles through interaction with the Higgs field, a uniform field that permeates the universe.
Despite this apparent stability, the field is not in its lowest possible energy state and could theoretically transition to a lower state.
Such a change would represent a radical phase transition, drastically altering the laws of physics in specific regions of space. Recent measurements conducted at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) suggest that such a transition could be possible, although unlikely in the near future.
The spontaneous formation of Higgs field bubbles would require quantum fluctuations or external energy sources such as intense gravitational fields or hot plasma. This research examined the effects of primordial black holes on the stability of the Higgs field.
These black holes would have formed in the nascent universe from the collapse of excessively dense regions of spacetime and differ from black holes normally formed from stellar collapse due to their extremely low mass. Stephen Hawking had previously demonstrated that black holes emit radiation due to quantum mechanics, behaving as thermal sources in the universe; lighter black holes have higher temperatures and evaporate more quickly than massive ones.
If primordial black holes with masses less than a trillion grams had existed shortly after the Big Bang, they would have already evaporated today.
Such black holes would have created localized “hot spots” in the universe, influencing the Higgs boson field and causing the continuous formation of the bubbles mentioned above. However, given that the universe continues to exist without evident signs of the past or present presence of the aforementioned, the extremely light primordial black holes proposed by some theoretical cosmological models must be considered highly unlikely or incorrect unless new evidence emerges through ancient radiative observations or gravitational waves.
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